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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
  <title>Chapter 8: Strings in Python</title>
  <style>
    body {
      font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
      background: #f9f9f9;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    header {
      background-color: #2d3748;
      color: white;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 20px 0;
    }
    .section {
      background: white;
      margin: 20px;
      padding: 20px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    }
    h2 {
      color: #2b6cb0;
    }
    .code-block, .output-block {
      background: #f4f4f4;
      font-family: monospace;
      padding: 10px;
      border-left: 4px solid #3182ce;
      margin: 10px 0;
      border-radius: 6px;
    }
    .output-block {
      background: #e6ffe6;
      border-left: 4px solid #38a169;
    }
    .wrong {
      background: #ffe6e6;
      border-left: 4px solid #e53e3e;
    }
    p, li {
      line-height: 1.6;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

<header>
  <h1>Chapter 8: Strings in Python</h1>
  <p>String ka matlab hota hai characters ka sequence. Ab sikhenge string methods, slicing, formatting aur manipulation.</p>
</header>

<div class="section">
  <h2>1. String Creation</h2>
  <p>Single ya double quotes se string banate hain.</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    name = "Ravi"<br>
    message = 'Hello World'
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>2. String Indexing & Slicing</h2>
  <p>String ke characters ko access karne ke liye index ka use hota hai. Index 0 se start hota hai.</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    text = "Python"<br>
    print(text[0])   # Output: P<br>
    print(text[-1])  # Output: n<br>
    print(text[1:4]) # Output: yth
  </div>
  <div class="output-block">
    P<br>n<br>yth
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>3. String Methods</h2>
  <ul>
    <li><code>lower()</code>: Sab lowercase mein convert karta hai</li>
    <li><code>upper()</code>: Sab uppercase mein convert karta hai</li>
    <li><code>strip()</code>: Extra spaces hatata hai</li>
    <li><code>replace()</code>: Word ko replace karta hai</li>
    <li><code>split()</code>: String ko list mein todta hai</li>
  </ul>
  <div class="code-block">
    txt = " Hello Python "<br>
    print(txt.lower())<br>
    print(txt.strip())<br>
    print(txt.replace("Python", "World"))<br>
    print(txt.split())
  </div>
  <div class="output-block">
    " hello python "<br>
    "Hello Python"<br>
    " Hello World "<br>
    ['Hello', 'Python']
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>4. String Concatenation</h2>
  <p>Do ya zyada strings ko jodna concatenate kehlata hai.</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    a = "Hello"<br>
    b = "World"<br>
    print(a + " " + b)
  </div>
  <div class="output-block">
    Hello World
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>5. String Formatting</h2>
  <p>Python 3 mein modern formatting f-strings ke through hoti hai.</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    name = "Ravi"<br>
    age = 21<br>
    print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
  </div>
  <div class="output-block">
    My name is Ravi and I am 21 years old.
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>6. Common String Mistakes</h2>
  <div class="code-block wrong">
    text = "Hello<br>
    print(text)  # ❌ String not closed
  </div>
  <div class="code-block">
    text = "Hello"<br>
    print(text)  # ✅
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>7. Check String</h2>
  <p>Use <code>in</code> to check if substring exists:</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    msg = "Welcome to Python"<br>
    print("Python" in msg)   # True<br>
    print("Java" not in msg) # True
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>8. Multiline Strings</h2>
  <p>Use triple quotes for multi-line:</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    para = """<br>
    This is line 1.<br>
    This is line 2.<br>
    """<br>
    print(para)
  </div>
  <div class="output-block">
    This is line 1.<br>
    This is line 2.
  </div>
</div>

<div class="section">
  <h2>9. Looping Through a String</h2>
  <p>Har character ko access karne ke liye for loop ka use hota hai.</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    for char in "Python":<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print(char)
  </div>
  <div class="output-block">
    P<br>y<br>t<br>h<br>o<br>n
  </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>